The technological advance in the development of microprocessors for computer and electronic use occurs at an exponential rate, following the so-called Moore’s Law, which states that circuit density doubles roughly every two years. Gordon Moore was the co-founder of Intel. Thus, a single microprocessor or silicon chip which assumes an area the size of a fingernail can now accommodate an enormous number of 2.9 billion transistors! Each of these tiny transistors is capable of switching “on and off” about 300 billion times a second, thus providing a binary code of “zeroes and ones,” the basic language of computers.
But the shrinking of the transistor is believed to be approaching the fundamental physical limits. Thus, electronic engineers and physicists are exploring new ways of further shrinking circuitry — down to the atomic and molecular structure. With the advances in nanotechnology, it is now possible to create nanocircuits with the use of silicon or carbon “nanowires.”









